NEOVE APRAMYCIN AND APRABIOPHAR
Ashraf El-Komy & Mohamed Aboubakr
1 Professor and Head of Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha
University, Egypt.
2 Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha
University, Egypt.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of apramycin (Neove
Apramycin® and Aprabiophar®) in controlling the adverse effects of
experimentally induced colibacillosis in broiler breeders. Two
hundred, one-day old broiler breeder chicks were used and
randomly allocated into three experimental groups; group (1)
uninfected-untreated, group (2) infected-untreated, group (3) infected-
treated with apramycin (Neove Apramycin)® in the drinking water and
group (4) infected-treated with apramycin (Aprabiophar)® in the
drinking water. The drug was given at dose level of 25 mg apramycin
/kg b.wt/day for 5 consecutive days. Experimental colibacillosis was
induced at 21-day of age by IM inoculation of Escherichia coli (E.coli) serotype O78: K80. Clinical signs, mortalities, mean lesion scores, performance
including body weight and feed conversion efficiency were recorded and evaluated.
The Results showed that infected-apramycin treated chickens had less pronounced clinical signs,
significant lower mortalities, higher body weight and better feed conversion than infected-
untreated birds. In conclusion, apramycin administration (Neove Apramycin® and
Aprabiophar®) at 25 mg apramycin/kg b.wt /day for 5 consecutive days is efficacious for the
treatment of colibacillosis in broiler breeders evident by impr ovement of all
investigated parameters . There was no significant changes between Neove Apramycin®
and Aprabiophar® and both products can be used as interchangeable drug in veterinary medicine practice especially in poultry.
INTRODUCTION
Apramycin is a bactericidal aminocyclitol broadspectrum antibiotic primarily prescribed for medication of systemic and enteric infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria in a variety of animals species. It acts by irreversible binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. It is active against many Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Pasteurella spp., Treponema hyodysenteriae and Bordetella bronchiseptica). In addition, it is also active against Staphylococcus spp. and Mycoplasma spp (Ryden and Moore, 1977; Walton, 1978; Theys et al., 1983; Ziv et al., 1985; Freidlin et al., 1985). It is generally poorly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract of animals (Thomson et al., 1991) and active in vitro against Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli strains that are resistant to neomycin and dihydrostreptomycin (Theys et al., 1983; Ziv et al., 1985; Freidlin et al., 1985). Oral and parenteral preparations of apramycin are commercially available in many countries.
Pathogenic Escherichia coli cause intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases in human and
animals. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli cause a variety of infections in poultry, generally
referred as colibacillosis (Barnes et al, 2003). One of the most frequently encountered
clinical manifestations of colibacillosis in poultry is respiratory origin colisepticemia, which
is one of the principal causes of economic loss in the poultry industry. In poultry flocks,
antibacterial agents are widely used to control E. coli and Salmonella infections. However,
the extensive use of antibacterial agents enhances the chance for selection of resistant
bacterial isolates (Schwarz et al., 2001; Khoshkhoo and Peighambari, 2005).
Escherichia coli (E.coli) is a member of Gram negative bacteria. Avian pathogenic E.coli
(APEC) frequently infects broiler chickens inducing severe diseased conditions with great
economic losses (Chansiripornchai and Sasipreeyajan, 2002). All ages of poultry are
susceptible to APEC infection, however, the birds are mostly infected at 4-5 weeks old
(Chansiripornchai et al., 1995). The main clinical forms of E.coli infection in chickens vary
from acute colisepticaemia with sudden death to subacute fibrinopurulent serositis at 2-8
weeks old (Leitnes and Heller, 1992).
Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the efficacy of apramycin
(Neove Apramycin® and Aprabiophar®) in the treatment of E.coli infection in broiler breeders after oral administration of 25 mg apramycin/kg b.wt/day daily for 5 consecutive
days in drinking water
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MATERIALS AND METHODS - Drugs
Neove Apramycin®: It is a water soluble powder product administered via drinking water. It was manufactured by Neove Pharma Company, Australia. Each 1 gm contains apramycin (as apramycin sulphate) 550 mg/g. Aprabiophar®: It is a water soluble powder product administered via drinking water. It was manufactured by Boston Company, Egypt. Each 1 gm contains apramycin (as apramycin sulphate) 550 mg/g. 2.2. Experimental chicks A total of two hundred clinically healthy one-day old Hubbard broiler breeder chicks of both sexes obtained from commercial hatchery were used in the present study. At arrival and before experiment, the chicks were tested to be free from E.coli by bacteriological culture of liver, heart, blood, spleen and yolk sac of ten randomly selected chicks and they prove negative isolation for E.coli. Chicks were individually identified with leg band rings and kept under complete observation in separate thoroughly cleaned and disinfected pens. Feed and water were provided ad-libitum for the entire experimental period. A commercial unmediated broiler ration that formulated to meet NRC recommendation (NRC 1994) was used. All chicks were vaccinated against Newcastle disease (ND) using Hitchner B1 and Lasota vaccines and against infectious bursal disease (IBD) using 228E vaccine at 5, 12 and 19 days of age; respectively via eye-drop instillation according to a standard vaccination program implementation on local broiler breeders farms.
Bacteria (The inoculum’s bacteria)
A virulent E.coli strain, serotype O78: K80 was used in the present study as it was kindly
supplied from Animal Health Research Institute; Dokki, Egypt. The strain originally had been
isolated from a field case of colisepticaemia (generalized E.coli infection) and had been fully
identified, classified and serotyped according to Edwards and Ewing (1972) and Quinn et
al., (1994). The E.coli inoculum was a logarithmic phase culture produced by overnight
incubation of E.coli in nutrient broth (Sekizaki et al., 1989). The number of bacteria per
milliliter was determined by plating ten-fold serial dilution of the nutrient broth suspension on plate count agar (PCA). Titers were expressed as colony forming unit (CFU) per ml
(CFU/ml) (Fernandez et al., 2002). Strain of E.coli was firstly demonstrated to be
pathogenic in preliminary infectivity trial (pilot experiment) according to (Lublin et al.,
1993).